Abstract The theory of equivalence is the most important topic for the comparison of texts in different languages. Equivalence can be said to be the central subject in translation. Although it’s definition, relevance and applicability within the field of translation theory have caused controversial issue and many different theories of the concept of equivalence has been elaborated within this field in the past fifty years. Many theorists have studied equivalence in relation to the translation process, using different approaches and have provided useful ideas and concepts for the next study on this topic. Since translation is translation of an original, the ideas of equivalence between the translated and original text arise naturally. There have been many attempts to find criteria for equivalence. As is well known, even word for word equivalence is problematic. The referential aspect of a word creates one possible criterion for equiva guitar strap locks lence, which is usually called denotative equivalence.5 Equivalence can also be on the order of connotation, formal, pragmatic and so on. It may also be desirable to go beyond the orbit of the text and search for the notion of equivalence in the agency of the reader and the different cultures involved in translation. Nida?s (1964) idea of dynamic equivalence, for instance, argues for a notion of equivalence based on the?equivalent? effect of the text on the reader. In his influential work, Popovic (1976) distinguishes between four types of equivalence arising in translation?Linguistic, Paradigmatic, Stylistic and Syntagmatic. Related to this is his emphasis on the ?invariant core? in each text, suggesting that translation function to transmit and transfer this core. The idea of invariance is very suggestive of its uses in other disciplines, particularly science. Invariance is essentially a concept associated with dynamics and change.
